Illinois might not be the first place you think of when it comes to pelicans, but these remarkable birds are becoming a familiar sight along the state’s waterways. The American White Pelican, with its impressive wingspan and striking white feathers, has been making seasonal appearances in Illinois, particularly around the Mississippi River and large lakes.
Their presence adds an unexpected touch of coastal wildlife to the Midwest, captivating both locals and visitors alike. This article delves into the intriguing arrival of pelicans in Illinois—exploring where they come from, why they’re choosing this area, and how their growing numbers impact the local ecosystem.
Whether you’re an avid birdwatcher or simply curious about these majestic creatures, join us as we uncover the story of pelicans gracing the skies and waters of the Prairie State.
American White Pelican
- Scientific name: Pelecanus erythrorhynchos
- Life span: 10-15 years
- Size: 50-70 inches
- Weight: 11-20 pounds (5-9 kg)
- Wingspan: 9.0-9.8 feet (2.7-3.0 m)
- Status: Least Concern
- State status: Migratory and common
- Migration pattern: Leaves Illinois in fall; migrates south to warmer areas
The American White Pelican is a majestic bird that graces the lakes and rivers of North America. Found primarily in the interior regions, they breed in the northern United States and western Canada on isolated islands in freshwater lakes.
During migration, they pass through states like Illinois, where they’ve become an increasingly common sight along the Mississippi River and large reservoirs. These pelicans are easily recognized by their striking all-white bodies contrasted with black flight feathers visible only when their enormous wings are spread.
Their appearance is marked by a long, yellow-orange bill equipped with a stretchy pouch that adds to their distinctive profile. During the breeding season, adults develop a unique, horn-like knob on the upper part of their bill. Their eyes are surrounded by yellow skin, and they have short legs with webbed feet of the same hue.
Watching them glide gracefully in formation or gather in large groups on the water is a captivating experience, adding a touch of wild elegance to the landscapes they inhabit.
The American White Pelican is a social creature, especially when it comes to raising its young. Nesting typically takes place on isolated islands in freshwater lakes and reservoirs across the northern Great Plains and western Canada.
These remote locations provide safety from predators and human disturbance. In large colonies that can number in the thousands, pelicans build their nests close together, creating a bustling community of activity. The nests themselves are simple depressions on the ground, lined with twigs, grasses, and other nearby vegetation.
Both male and female participate in nest building, often using whatever materials are readily available. Egg-laying occurs between April and June, with the female usually laying two eggs. Interestingly, it’s common for only one chick to survive, as the stronger chick often outcompetes its sibling for food. Both parents share incubation duties, which last about 30 days. After hatching, the chicks are cared for by both parents, who feed them by regurgitating partially digested fish.
The diet of the American White Pelican is as impressive as its wingspan. Unlike their Brown Pelican cousins who dive for fish, these pelicans feed by cooperative fishing. They often work in groups, forming a line or semicircle to herd schools of fish into shallow waters.
Then, they dip their expansive bills into the water to scoop up their prey. Their diet mainly consists of small fish such as minnows, carp, and catfish, but they aren’t picky eaters. They also consume amphibians and crustaceans when available.
Their large throat pouch isn’t used to store fish but to catch them. After scooping up water and prey, they tilt their heads to drain the water before swallowing their catch whole. This efficient feeding method allows them to consume several pounds of food each day. Their opportunistic and cooperative feeding habits not only showcase their adaptability but also make them a fascinating subject for anyone interested in bird behaviour.
The American White Pelican has a conservation story that reflects both challenges and successes. In the early 20th century, their populations declined due to habitat loss, disturbance at nesting sites, and persecution by humans who mistakenly viewed them as competitors for fish. The use of pesticides like DDT further impacted their numbers by causing eggshell thinning, leading to decreased hatching success.
Recognizing these threats, conservation efforts were implemented to protect and restore pelican populations. Legal protections under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act made it illegal to harm pelicans or disrupt their nesting sites. Wetland conservation programs helped preserve and rehabilitate essential habitats. Public education campaigns worked to change negative perceptions, highlighting the pelican’s role in healthy aquatic ecosystems.
Today, the American White Pelican is experiencing a resurgence, with populations stabilizing and even increasing in some regions, including Illinois. Their return to areas where they were once scarce is a positive indicator of environmental health and the effectiveness of conservation measures. Ongoing efforts focus on monitoring populations, safeguarding critical habitats from development, and promoting coexistence between humans and wildlife.
Where to look for Pelicans in Illinois
Illinois may not be coastal, but it’s a surprising hotspot for pelican sightings, especially during migration seasons. If you’re eager to catch a glimpse of these majestic birds, you’re in luck. The American White Pelican, with its enormous wingspan and graceful flight, can be found in several spots across the state. To increase your chances, plan your visit during spring or fall when pelicans are on the move.
One prime location is the Chautauqua National Wildlife Refuge along the Illinois River. Here, vast wetlands provide a perfect resting and feeding ground for pelicans. Bring your binoculars and take one of the walking trails to observe them lounging on sandbars or gliding over the water.
Another great spot is the Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge near Marion. The large lakes and quiet coves make it an ideal place for pelicans to gather. You can drive along designated routes or hike the trails for the best views.
Don’t miss Carlyle Lake, the largest man-made lake in Illinois. Its expansive waters attract pelicans in significant numbers. There are several observation areas and boat ramps if you prefer to get closer by water.
Lastly, the Emiquon Preserve near Havana is a restored wetland that’s become a haven for wildlife, including pelicans. Boardwalks and observation decks offer excellent vantage points without disturbing the birds.
Remember to respect wildlife guidelines: keep a reasonable distance, avoid loud noises, and enjoy the serene experience of watching pelicans in their natural habitat. With a bit of patience and these tips, you’re set for a rewarding birdwatching adventure in Illinois.
Conclusion
The presence of pelicans in Illinois adds a remarkable chapter to the state’s natural history. These majestic birds, once a rarity, are now gracing the skies and waterways, offering unique opportunities for wildlife enthusiasts and contributing to the biodiversity of the region.
Their growing numbers reflect successful conservation efforts and highlight the importance of preserving habitats along migration routes. Whether observed gliding over lakes or resting in wetlands, pelicans bring a sense of wonder and beauty to Illinois’s landscapes.
