Washington’s landscapes, ranging from rugged coastlines to forested mountains and open shrub-steppe, are home to a surprising number of birds with blue in their feathers. While some flash iridescent colors only in the right light, others display bold blue tones year-round. This article explores a handful of these species, from the noisy and intelligent California Scrub-Jay to the sleek, fast-flying Violet-green Swallow and the distinctive, crested Belted Kingfisher.
These birds aren’t just beautiful, they play real roles in local ecosystems, whether they’re catching insects mid-air, caching food for winter, or fishing from stream banks. If you’ve spent any time birdwatching in the Pacific Northwest, chances are you’ve crossed paths with one or more of them. Here, we take a closer look at their physical traits, behaviors, and conservation status, helping you understand not just what they are, but why they matter in Washington’s diverse natural world.
1. Tree Swallow
- Scientific name: Tachycineta bicolor
- Life span: 2-3 years
- Size: 4.7–5.9 in (12–15 cm)
- Weight: 0.6–0.9 oz (17–25 g)
- Wingspan: 11.8–13.8 in (30–35 cm)
- Status: Least Concern
- State status: Migratory and common
- Migratory behaviour: Departs Washington in late August or early September
The Tree Swallow is a sleek, energetic bird widely distributed across North America, and it breeds throughout much of Washington. Its upperparts are a glossy, iridescent blue-green that shimmer in the light, while the underparts remain bright white from throat to belly. This contrast gives the bird a clean, elegant look as it darts through the air. Seen often over wetlands, lakes, and open fields, the Tree Swallow rarely stays still for long, except when perched in lines along wires or near nest boxes.
Its wings are long and pointed, built for agile flight, and the slightly forked tail adds to its aerodynamic appearance. Juveniles show duller, more brownish plumage until their first molt. In Washington, these birds arrive with spring and bring life to open skies and pond edges. Their sharp, shining plumage makes them easy to identify when light catches their backs mid-flight.
Tree Swallows nest in natural cavities or nest boxes near water or open fields. Males scout for locations first, often returning to previous breeding sites. Females line the nest with feathers, especially white ones. They nest in loose colonies, often tolerating other swallows in nearby boxes or trees.
They are aerial insectivores, catching flies, mosquitoes, and beetles mid-flight. Their graceful, sweeping movements across ponds and fields make them easy to spot during summer. Occasionally, they’ll consume plant material or berries when insect numbers drop. They feed constantly, especially while raising young.
Tree Swallow populations are stable but vulnerable to the loss of nesting cavities and pesticide-reduced insect numbers. Nest box programs have played a major role in conservation, especially in areas with limited old trees. In Washington, they’re common breeders across open wetlands, farmland, and lake edges.
2. Barn Swallow
- Scientific name: Hirundo rustica
- Life span: 4–8 years
- Size: 15–20 cm / 5.9–7.9 in
- Weight: 16–22 g / 0.6–0.8 oz
- Wingspan: 32–34 cm / 12.6–13.4 in
- IUCN Status: Least Concern
- State status: Migratory and common
- Migratory behaviour: Leaves by mid to late September for migration
The Barn Swallow is one of the most widespread swallow species in the world and a common summer visitor across all of Washington. This bird is instantly recognizable by its long, deeply forked tail and elegant, streamlined body. Its upperparts are a deep, steely blue, while the underparts range from tawny to pale buff, depending on age and region. A rusty-orange throat and forehead contrast with the blue crown and back, creating a colourful yet balanced look. Seen gliding low over fields, lakes, or along roads, it’s both graceful and quick.
The tail streamers flutter behind it like ribbons as it turns and dips in search of flying insects. Though named for barns, these swallows use bridges, sheds, and eaves for nesting too. Their beauty is in motion, but even perched, they’re unmistakable with their sharp contrast and clean lines. Their presence marks the full arrival of spring in Washington.
Barn Swallows build mud nests on ledges, beams, and under eaves, especially in barns and bridges. They often reuse old nests and are highly loyal to successful sites. Pairs are monogamous for the season, and the female does most of the incubating while the male remains nearby.
They are excellent flyers and rely on a steady diet of flying insects, including flies, wasps, and winged ants. Foraging takes place mostly over open fields, water, and roads. Their long forked tails help with agile manoeuvring as they chase prey just above the ground.
Barn Swallows are still widespread, but populations have shown gradual declines due to reduced insect availability and loss of nesting sites. Modern buildings often lack the ledges they prefer. Still, in Washington, they remain a regular and welcome summer presence across farmland and rural areas.
3. Steller’s Jay
- Scientific name: Cyanocitta stelleri
- Life span: 10 years
- Size: 30–34 cm / 11.8–13.4 in
- Weight: 100–140 g / 3.5–4.9 oz
- Wingspan: 43–47 cm / 16.9–18.5 in
- IUCN Status: Least Concern
- State status: Breeding and common
- Migratory behaviour: Year-round resident, does not leave Washington
The Steller’s Jay is a striking and bold bird found throughout the evergreen forests of western North America, including nearly all of Washington. Its deep blue body contrasts sharply with a black crested head and charcoal shoulders, giving it a dramatic appearance in any setting. Often seen hopping between conifers or calling from a high branch, it’s a familiar sight in both backyards and wilderness. The black crest rises prominently, especially when the bird is alert or agitated.
With subtle barring on the wings and tail, the blue tones can shift in the light, creating a slightly iridescent effect. This jay is highly visible in the Cascades and coastal forests, and has even adapted well to suburban neighborhood. Its loud, varied calls often announce its presence long before it’s seen. Despite its bold colors, it blends surprisingly well into the dappled shadows of Washington’s woodland canopy.
Steller’s Jays build their nests high in conifers, often well-hidden among dense branches. They use twigs, moss, and mud to create a sturdy cup-shaped structure. The pair works together to construct the nest, usually starting in early spring. Once built, the female incubates the eggs while the male guards the area.
These jays are opportunistic and not at all picky. They eat seeds, insects, berries, and even small animals or bird eggs when the chance arises. In campgrounds and neighbourhoods, they’ll readily raid trash bins or picnic tables, showing their bold personality and intelligence. They cache food in fall for later use.
Steller’s Jays are not currently threatened, thanks to their adaptability and broad range across the western U.S. Logging and forest fragmentation haven’t had major negative impacts. Conservation has mostly been passive, protecting forests indirectly supports their population. Their presence is stable, and sightings remain common in both wild and urban environments.
4. Western Bluebird
- Scientific name: Sialia mexicana
- Life span: 6–10 years
- Size: 16–20 cm / 6.3–7.9 in
- Weight: 25–31 g / 0.9–1.1 oz
- Wingspan: 30–36 cm / 11.8–14.2 in
- IUCN Status: Least Concern
- State status: Breeding and uncommon
- Migratory behaviour: Leaves by late summer, Around August or September.
The Western Bluebird is a soft-hued songbird found across open woodlands, meadows, and parklands in the western United States, including both eastern and western parts of Washington. Males are beautifully adorned with a vivid royal-blue head, wings, and tail, accented by a rusty orange chest and flanks, fading into a grayish belly. Females wear a subtler palette, with dusty blue wings and a more muted orange wash.
The blue of the males seems especially vibrant against dry grass or weathered wood fences where they often perch. These birds are typically seen in small flocks or pairs, moving between scattered trees and open ground. They’re commonly found in the Okanogan and Yakima valleys, as well as in restored prairie areas and forest edges. Their overall appearance evokes calmness, with soft lines and rounded forms. Though their colors are not as bold as others, they stand out beautifully in the landscape.
Western Bluebirds prefer tree cavities or nest boxes in open woodlands and meadows. They don’t excavate their own nests but rely on natural holes or old woodpecker sites. Males arrive first to establish territory, and females later choose a site. Nest boxes have helped boost their breeding success in many areas.
Their diet leans heavily on insects like beetles, caterpillars, and grasshoppers during the breeding season. In fall and winter, they shift to eating berries and small fruits such as mistletoe or elderberries. They feed mostly by perching and swooping to the ground to snatch prey, often in open fields or lawns.
Once in decline due to habitat loss and competition for nest sites, Western Bluebirds have made a comeback thanks to nest box programs and land conservation. Washington’s eastern regions now support healthy populations, though continued efforts to maintain open woodland and grassland habitats are important to keeping their numbers stable.
5. Mountain Bluebird
- Scientific name: Sialia currucoides
- Life span: 6–10 years
- Size: 16–20 cm / 6.3–7.9 in
- Weight: 30–32 g / 1.1–1.3 oz
- Wingspan: 28–36 cm / 11–14.2 in
- IUCN Status: Least Concern
- State status: Breeding and uncommon
- Migratory behaviour: Migrates south by late summer or early fall
High-altitude meadows and open grasslands across the American West are home to the Mountain Bluebird, a species that brings a vivid splash of sky-coloured brilliance to places like eastern Washington, especially the Columbia Plateau and foothills of the Cascades. Males are almost entirely powdery blue, brightest on the back and head, fading slightly on the belly. Their plumage seems to catch and reflect the color of the wide skies they inhabit. Females are more subtle, with grayish bodies and traces of soft blue on the wings and rump.
They often perch on fences or low branches, scanning the ground calmly. The Mountain Bluebird’s streamlined body and long wings give it a lighter, more buoyant look compared to the Western Bluebird. These birds are not confined by forests; they prefer open expanses with scattered shrubs or posts for nesting. Their graceful presence makes them a favourite among birdwatchers and hikers alike.
Mountain Bluebirds nest in open spaces with sparse trees, favouring old woodpecker holes or nest boxes. The female builds the nest with dry grass and feathers while the male stands guard. Their preference for high-elevation or open-country nesting makes them more limited in range than their western cousin.
Their summer diet includes beetles, ants, and grasshoppers, which they catch by hovering briefly before striking. In colder months, they eat berries and other soft fruits. Mountain Bluebirds often forage on the ground or low perches, scanning their open surroundings carefully before darting after prey.
Mountain Bluebirds have faced declines due to habitat loss and competition with invasive species for nesting sites. Conservation efforts have focused on installing nest boxes and preserving grassland habitats. These efforts have shown some success in parts of eastern Washington, where they’re now seen more regularly during the breeding season.
6. Lazuli Bunting
- Scientific name: Passerina amoena
- Life span: 2–5 years
- Size: 13–15 cm / 5.1–5.9 in
- Weight: 13–18 g / 0.5–0.6 oz
- Wingspan: 20–23 cm / 7.9–9.1 in
- IUCN Status: Least Concern
- State status: Migratory and uncommon
- Migratory behaviour: Gone by mid to late August most years
The Lazuli Bunting is a brilliantly coloured songbird of the western United States, frequently seen in brushy canyons, open woodlands, and shrubby fields across eastern Washington during the summer. Males are unmistakable, with a dazzling sky-blue head and back, a pumpkin-orange breast, and a white belly. A pair of white wing bars completes the look, adding even more contrast to this already striking bird. Females are softer in color, with warm brown tones and faint blue on the wings or tail.
This contrast between the sexes makes them especially interesting to observe during the breeding season. They favour transitional habitats, places where grasslands meet patches of shrubs or scattered trees. The Lazuli Bunting’s colors are not only beautiful but also highly functional for signaling during mating. These birds are seasonal, but during their brief stay in Washington, they light up the landscape with their presence and distinctive appearance.
Lazuli Buntings nest low in dense shrubs or brushy areas, often near open grasslands. Females build cup-shaped nests from grasses, bark, and cobwebs, while males guard territory from nearby perches. Their nests are usually well-hidden, making them difficult to spot despite their bright colors. They raise one or two broods per season.
Their diet shifts with the season, favouring insects during the breeding period and seeds or berries later in summer. They forage on the ground and in shrubs, pecking at seeds or snapping up insects. During late summer, they often gather in small groups to feed on ripening plants.
Lazuli Buntings are considered stable but rely on healthy shrubland and edge habitats. Habitat loss from agriculture and overgrazing in some areas has reduced their numbers locally. In Washington, they’re still regularly seen in eastern parts where conservation of native vegetation supports their summer presence.
7. Cliff Swallow
- Scientific name: Petrochelidon pyrrhonota
- Life span: 11 years
- Size: 5.1–5.9 inches (13–15 cm)
- Weight: 0.7–1.1 ounces (18–30 grams)
- Wingspan: 11–11.8 inches (28–30 cm)
- IUCN Status: Least Concern
- State status: Migratory and common
- Migratory behaviour: Migrates out by early September, sometimes late August
Cliff Swallows are colonial nesters found across much of North America, and they breed widely in Washington, especially near bridges, cliffs, and buildings. These birds are colourful and compact, with a square tail and dark blue back, wings, and crown. A rusty-orange rump and pale buffy forehead give them a distinctive look when seen up close. Their underparts are a soft beige, and a dark mask across the eyes adds to their unique facial pattern.
When flying, their shorter, broader wings make their flight pattern choppier than other swallows. They often gather in large groups, swooping and circling near their mud nests, which hang in clusters like little clay pots. Unlike the more solitary Barn Swallow, Cliff Swallows prefer the company of many. Their overall color palette may seem muted from afar, but in the right light and angle, it’s easy to appreciate their handsome, understated plumage.
Cliff Swallows build gourd-shaped mud nests in colonies under bridges, cliffs, or building eaves. Each bird collects hundreds of mud pellets to form its nest, which it lines with grass. They breed communally, often in groups of dozens or even hundreds, making their nesting areas noisy and lively.
They feed exclusively on flying insects, captured while darting through open skies near fields or water. Their short, rounded wings make for quick turns and compact flight. They often forage in groups, with their chatter filling the air as they skim through clouds of insects in synchronized motion.
Once reliant on natural cliff faces, Cliff Swallows have adapted well to artificial structures. In Washington, they’re common near roadways and agricultural zones. Conservation efforts focus on preserving nesting sites during breeding season and reducing pesticide use, which can limit the insects they depend on.
8. Purple Martin
- Scientific name: Progne subis
- Life span: Up to 13 years
- Size: 7.5–7.9 in (19–20 cm)
- Weight: 1.6–2.1 oz (45–60 g)
- Wingspan: 15.3–16.1 in (39–41 cm)
- Status: Least Concern
- State status: Migratory and rare
- Migratory behaviour: Leaves in August, heading to South America
Purple Martins are the largest swallows in North America and a special summer presence in scattered parts of Washington, especially where artificial nest boxes have been installed. Adult males are a deep, glossy purple-blue that appears almost black in poor lighting but gleams with vibrant color in sunlight. Females and juveniles are more muted, with grayish underparts and a dustier back. These birds are sleek and long-winged, designed for long-distance flight and agile aerial manoeuvring.
Their forked tails and broad chests make them stand out from other swallows in flight. Because they rely heavily on human-provided nesting structures in many areas, their presence is often near small towns or open farmland where such colonies exist. Though not as common as other swallows, they are unforgettable when seen, especially in the air as they gather in loose flocks. Their dark, polished look sets them apart from other birds of similar shape.
Purple Martins rely heavily on man-made nest boxes or multi-compartment “martin houses” in Washington, as natural cavities are limited. Colonies form in open areas near water. Males arrive early to claim nesting compartments, and females choose from available sites. Their social nature means nests are often tightly clustered together.
They feed on flying insects, including beetles, flies, and wasps, which they catch high in the air during quick, swooping flights. Purple Martins prefer open airspace and are most active in warm, calm weather. Their foraging is mostly aerial, and they rarely land except at the nest.
Once common, Purple Martins declined due to competition from invasive species like European Starlings and House Sparrows. Recovery in Washington has focused on community-led nest box initiatives, which have seen some success. Conservation depends on continued management of these nesting sites and public involvement in maintaining suitable habitat.
9. Belted Kingfisher
- Scientific name: Megaceryle alcyon
- Life span: 6-14 years
- Size: 11–14 in (28–35
- Weight: 4.9–6 oz (140–170 g)
- Wingspan: 19–23 in (48–58 cm)
- Status: Least Concern
- State status: Breeding and common
- Migratory behaviour: Most stay year-round; some migrate short distances
The Belted Kingfisher is a chunky, sharp-billed bird that lives year-round near lakes, rivers, and estuaries throughout Washington. Easily identified by its ragged crest and large head, it has a slate-blue back and wings, with a thick, dark blue breast band across its white chest. Females have an additional rust-coloured band, making them one of the few North American bird species where females are more colourful than males.
The bird’s posture is upright and alert, often perched on a branch or wire above the water. From this vantage point, it watches for movement before diving swiftly below the surface. When flying, it shows rapid wingbeats and a short, stiff glide. Its coloration provides good camouflage along rocky shorelines and wooded riverbanks. With a body built for both watching and catching prey, the Belted Kingfisher combines form and function in a visually striking package.
Belted Kingfishers dig tunnels into earthen banks near water, using their strong bills to excavate. These burrows can reach six feet long, ending in a small chamber where eggs are laid. Both sexes help dig and defend the site, often returning to the same general area year after year.
They specialize in fish but also eat amphibians, aquatic insects, and even small crustaceans. They hunt by watching the water from a perch, then dive headfirst with precision. Their strong bill helps grip slippery prey, and they often return to a branch to beat and swallow their catch.
Belted Kingfishers are doing relatively well in Washington, thanks to the abundance of suitable waterways. While sensitive to water pollution and human disturbance, they’ve adapted to both natural and urban streams. Conservation mainly involves maintaining clean, undisturbed riparian banks where they can safely nest and hunt.
10. Violet-green Swallow
- Scientific name: Tachycineta thalassina
- Life span: 5–6 years
- Size: 4.7–5.5 in (12–14 cm)
- Weight: 0.4–0.6 oz (11–17 g)
- Wingspan: 10.6 in (27 cm)
- Status: Least Concern
- State status: Migratory and common
- Migratory behaviour: Migrates south by late August or early September
The Violet-green Swallow is a small, swift bird found from southern Alaska down through the western U.S., breeding in forests and open areas across Washington. When viewed up close or in good light, its back reveals a unique and shimmering combination of emerald green and violet tones, especially on the rump and tail. Its underparts are snowy white, extending high up the sides of the face, unlike most swallows.
The white arcs over its eyes give it a soft, expressive look. Often seen soaring in small groups over rivers or forest clearings, they fly higher than other swallows and are notably agile. In contrast to the more uniformly dark Tree Swallow, the Violet-green Swallow’s coloration feels light and jewel-like. Their short, squared tails and quick wingbeats make them appear buoyant in flight. Though their beauty is often subtle from afar, it becomes clear when they land or pass close overhead.
Violet-green Swallows nest in tree cavities, cliff crevices, or nest boxes, often near water or forest edges. They gather grass, feathers, and moss to line their nests. Their nesting colonies are usually small, and they tend to be less aggressive toward neighbouring birds compared to other swallows.
Like other swallows, they feed entirely on airborne insects. Their diet includes flies, beetles, mosquitoes, and moths. They’re highly acrobatic in the air, often flying higher than other swallows. This species is especially adept at foraging in wooded clearings and over rivers during summer months.
Though not considered threatened, Violet-green Swallows depend on healthy insect populations and access to suitable nest cavities. They’ve adapted fairly well to nest boxes. Continued conservation of mixed forest and riparian habitats in Washington is important for maintaining their breeding success.
11. California Scrub-Jay
- Scientific name: Aphelocoma californica
- Life span: Up to 9 years
- Size: 11–12 in (28–31 cm)
- Weight: 2.5–3.5 oz (70–100 g)
- Wingspan: 15 in (38 cm)
- Status: Least Concern
- State status: Breeding and common
- Migratory behaviour: Stays year-round, non-migratory in Washington
Found mostly in the oak woodlands and dry lowlands of western North America, the California Scrub-Jay has a noticeable presence in southern and western parts of Washington, especially around Puget Sound and the Columbia River basin. Unlike other jays, it lacks a crest and shows off a sleeker head with a bold, white face. A vivid blue crown, wings, and tail contrast with its soft gray back and clean white underparts. A pale, blue necklace separates the white throat from the chest, giving it a crisp, defined look.
The bird often appears curious, standing tall with its tail cocked and head turning. It thrives in more open settings than the Steller’s Jay, often seen on fences, power lines, or foraging among low shrubs. Its colors are brighter in the sun, though still understated compared to flashier species. This jay’s presence is growing in Washington, particularly in warmer, urbanized zones.
California Scrub-Jays build open cup-shaped nests in shrubs or low trees, usually between 3 to 10 feet off the ground. Both male and female take part in construction, using twigs, moss, and sometimes animal hair. They’re fiercely protective of their nest and will actively chase away intruders during the breeding season.
These jays are known for their clever food-stashing habits. They eat acorns, seeds, fruits, insects, and occasionally small animals or eggs. In urban areas, they may visit feeders or scavenge from human leftovers. Their diet changes with the season, and they remember dozens of hidden food spots for leaner times.
California Scrub-Jays have expanded their range in Washington over recent decades. They’ve adapted well to suburban environments, and no major conservation concerns exist. However, they benefit from oak habitat preservation and minimal pesticide use. Their steady population and increasing sightings in new areas suggest a healthy outlook.
Where to find Blue birds in Washington
Finding blue birds in Washington can be a rewarding and surprisingly easy experience if you know where to look. These birds live in a range of habitats, from forest edges and rivers to dry grasslands and even city parks. Early morning is usually the best time to spot them, when they’re most active and vocal. Bringing a pair of binoculars and a field guide can help you identify subtle color differences and markings, especially for swallows or buntings that move quickly.
One of the best places to look is Discovery Park in Seattle, which offers a mix of open meadows, woods, and shoreline, perfect for spotting Belted Kingfishers or Violet-green Swallows. Mount Rainier National Park is another great spot, especially for Western and Mountain Bluebirds along the subalpine meadows. If you’re in eastern Washington, check out the Wenas Wildlife Area, where dry pine forests and grasslands attract California Scrub-Jays and Lazuli Buntings. Lastly, Ridgefield National Wildlife Refuge near the Columbia River provides excellent viewing from trails or even your car, especially in spring and summer.
Whether you’re hiking, walking a trail, or just sitting quietly near a riverbank, patience pays off. With a bit of time and attention, you’ll soon start noticing flashes of blue all around.
Conclusion
Washington’s diverse habitats, from coastal cliffs to inland forests, are home to an impressive range of blue birds. Whether watching a Steller’s Jay flash through evergreens or spotting a Mountain Bluebird in an open meadow, these birds add color and life to the landscape. Understanding their habits, habitats, and seasonal rhythms helps us connect more deeply with nature. With a bit of patience and curiosity, anyone can experience the joy of discovering these vibrant birds across the state.
